What is Dromophobia? (An Overview)

In this blog we will discuss the symptoms, causes and treatment of Dromophobia. 

An intense fear of crossing streets is called Dromophobia. It is a type of specific phobia which comes under the category of anxiety disorders in the DSM-V.

Someone suffering from it will experience extreme anxiety when exposed to streets. 

At times, even the thought of crossing streets can instigate very high levels of anxiety.  Full-blown panic attacks can follow if one’s condition worsens. 

Though people normally are fearful of crossing streets because of the chance of having an accident.

However, one suffering from Dromophobia will get extremely terrified at the mere idea of crossing streets.

Despite the safety measures and or traffic rules, sufferers can’t withstand crossing streets. 

Though, not wholly irrational, one’s fear in Dromophobia can lead them to make painstaking efforts in order to avoid their fear stimuli (crossing streets).

This avoidance assures the sufferer that their fear is justified, thus their phobia maintains. This assurity is a result of the feelings of safety avoidance produced. 

Therefore, one keeps on repeating his acts of avoidance. This repetition can lead to the development of OCD in the future. 

According to the DSM-V, anxiety and avoidance in Dromophobia affects one’s social and occupational functioning.

For example, a sufferer will avoid going to places where one has to go by crossing streets/roads.

They will prefer taking longer, more difficult routes to reach their destination instead of crossing a street. 

One will avoid going to school or the office just because they are required to cross a street. 

In severe cases, someone suffering from Dromophobia will prefer not to leave their house because they fear they’ll be required to cross a street if they leave. 

These actions can cause one to develop depression in the long run. 

Dromophobia is an irrational fear of crossing streets. The name originates from the Greek word ‘dromo’ meaning race course and ‘phobos’ meaning fear.

This type of specific phobia  is very closely related to Agyrophobia (fear of streets) and or Agyiophobia (fear of crossing busy streets/fear of busy streets). 

Symptoms of Dromophobia 

People with Dromophobia, like in all other specific phobias experience intense anxiety on the mere thought of crossing a street.

They’re unable to control this anxiety and thus, end up feeling more anxious.

This anxiety, in extreme cases, can give rise to full-blown panic attacks.

Sufferers go into flight or fight mode because of an adrenaline rush.

In this state, the body’s physiological responses help one make decisions when in fear causing situations.

They either decide to escape the situation (flight)-faint or suffer from panic attacks or stay and combat their fear (fight)-by taking counterproductive actions.

In the case of Dromophobia or any other type of specific phobia, the physiological symptoms that are produced when exposed to crossing streets (including extreme anxiety) cause the person to escape or avoid that situation.

Sufferers don’t have the courage to fight with their fear because of the unpleasant, terrifying experience the body goes through.

According to the DSM-V, one must experience anxiety lasting for at least 6 months and 3-5 symptoms out of the ones listed below: 

• Extreme anxiety when told to cross a street 
• Extreme anxiety when thinking about crossing a street 
• Anticipatory anxiety
• Inability to control anxiety
• Repeated acts to avoid crossing a street 
• Full-blown panic attacks
• Muscle tension
• Increased heartbeat
• Hyperventilation
• Feelings of dizziness
• Hot/cold flashes when in a flight or fight mode (A hot flash refers to the temporary heating up of the body when in a state of fear. And a cold flash means when the body suddenly starts to shiver or cool down, when encountered by a fear stimulus).
• Screaming/crying
• Vomiting
• Migraine
• Butterflies in the stomach 

Causes of Dromophobia 

Dromophobia, like all other specific phobias, has no known cause.

These types of phobias can be a result of a number of factors such as biological (genetics) and or environmental (past experiences or social learning).

Genetics refers to the genes and neurotransmitters in our body.

Someone with a family history of a phobia/mental disorder has a higher chance of having the same or different disorder in the future.

This is because the genes of the parents are transferred to their children, thus any alteration in the genes of one’s parents is inherited by the child.

This genetic tendency to develop a mental disorder/specific phobia can also be referred to as a Diathesis-stress relationship.

According to this, one with a genetic predisposition will not develop symptoms of Dromophobia until and unless there is some trigger event, instigating anxiety or fear of crossing streets.

This trigger event can be for example, someone might have experienced an accident or injury while crossing a street. Or, they heard someone go through this. 

Someone who lost his loved ones in an accident while crossing a street or heard someone else die due to this reason can also lead one to develop Dromophobia. 

Thus, Dromophobia can be caused if soemoe has Traumatophobia (fear of injuries) and or fear of death. 

New reports on people dying due to road accidents can also trigger fear of crossing streets. 

Therefore, Dromophobia is caused by both genetics and environmental factors. 

Treatment of Dromophobia 

Dromophobia, like all other specific phobias, has no exclusive type of treatment that is specifically designed to treat it.

Like all the other specific phobias, Dromophobia is treated by a number of different therapies including, Exposure Therapy, Cognitive-behavioral Therapy (CBT) and or medications that lower downs the anxiety or other physical symptoms.

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

It is one of the most frequently used treatments for patients with almost all kinds of mental disorders.

Dromophobia is defined as the irrational fear of crossing streets. Thus, the therapist helps the patient in replacing these irrational thoughts with more rational ones.

The patients are helped out in analyzing and justifying the way they feel about being exposed to their fear stimuli.

Therapists assist them in uncovering the reasons behind their fear and later they provide them with alternate, pleasant thoughts.

The patient is told to maintain a thought diary (with ABCD column) which provides them a replacement for every irrational thought they have, when thinking about a particular situation.

The ABCD stands for:

i.      A (antecedents) a situation or triggering event.

ii.     B (belief) the thought that comes to one’s mind when in that triggering situation.

iii.    C (consequences) the symptoms/feelings caused by that event/thought

iv.    D (dispute) alternate, rational thoughts provided by the therapist in an attempt to    dispute/challenge those irrational beliefs.

This last section of the thought diary is what really plays a role in helping the person feel good/less anxious. 

• Exposure Therapy

It is one of the most frequently used ways of treating patients with Dromophobia (or any other kind of specific phobia).

In this therapy, the patient is exposed to the source of his fear over a certain span of time.

To begin with the therapy, the therapist exposes the patient to the least triggering stimuli, a picture of someone crossing a street for example.

As the therapy progresses and the patient is able to control his anxious feelings, imagery can be used to take the treatment a step further.

In this part of the treatment the patient is asked to visualize/imagine a situation in which he is crossing a street.

During this process of imagery, one actually feels being in that particular situation or place, experiencing various senses.

 Once the person successfully, without feeling anxious clears this step of the therapy, he is then exposed to a real situation where he crosses a street. 

While the patient is being exposed to different intensities of stimuli during the various stages of therapy, the therapist simultaneously teaches them coping exercises.

These include, breathing techniques or muscle relaxation methods to lower their anxiety, when in an actual fear/anxiety causing situation. This teaches them how to remain calm when exposed to the fear stimuli.

Before actually starting the exposure therapy, the therapist needs to figure out the intensity of the patient’s fear, as to deduce whether they will be able to undergo this treatment, without any physical or psychological harm caused to them during the exposure processes.

However, these steps desensitize one to their fear of injuries, by exposing them to that stimuli repeatedly, until they learn to undergo the situation without anxiety/panic attacks.

• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

MBSR is a meditation therapy, used to manage stress or anxiety. It is an 8-week program which includes group sessions.

Mindfulness meditation and Hatha yoga are practiced in these sessions. Lectures and group discussions are also done to talk about mental health and increase interactivity.

In mindfulness meditation the person is told to, for example, focus on the sensations felt while breathing or the rhythm of the chest rising and falling during the process.

This distracts the person’s attention from something stressful to something which is neutral and soothing.

For quick and effective treatment, patients are also given a set of home works, for example 45 minutes of yoga and meditation sessions for 6 days a week and to record their results/feelings in a book or diary for 15 minutes a day.

• Yoga/Meditation

They are not just one of the many treatment therapies used for Dromophobia, instead they are one of the most common ways of relaxation used by many people.

Yoga tends to stimulate the meditative state of one’s mind while the person is in a particular yoga posture.

Through yoga/meditation the mind is diverted towards something more productive and calm, allowing the person to escape the negative, distress causing thoughts.

Out of a number of yoga types, one can benefit from any yoga type/pose they like. Hatha yoga is one of the different types of yoga.

The breathing techniques or the imagery one creates while in a yoga posture are the real factors that makes the person feel less anxious and diverts their mind, away from the thoughts of crossing streets. 

• Drug Therapy

Drugs are used to reduce the physical symptoms caused by Dromophobia.

Drugs are very quick in effectiveness, as they start showing progress in the patients’ health at least 2 weeks after the medicine is taken.

This type of biological treatment is usually more effective if the cause of the phobia is only genetic.

However, these drugs/medicines are not to be taken without a doctor’s prescription or consultation.

Two types of drugs are used in the treatment of this phobia:

                    i. Anti-anxiety Drugs

Medicines like Valium are anti-anxiety drugs.

They are most commonly used with patients who experience panic attacks and also lowers their anxiety by binding to receptor cells of the brain that cause these unpleasant symptoms.

                   ii. Antidepressant Drugs

These drugs, as the name suggests don’t only treat depression but are also very effective in treating phobias.

Medicines like Lexapro reduce the anxious feelings of a person and makes him feel calm.

They need to be taken on a daily basis but not without a doctor’s advice.

Whether the cause of Dromophobia, or any other type of specific phobia is genetics, environmental or both, the best and the most effective way of treating them is by using a combination of both biological treatments (drugs) with cognitive treatment (for example CBT/exposure therapy).

Frequently Asked Questions 

Citations 

• https://psychtimes.com/dromophobia-fear-of-crossing-streets/
• https://fearof.org/dromophobia/
• https://common-phobias.com/Dromo/phobia.htm
• www.psychologytoday.com